What Is Relative Volume (RVOL) and Why It Matters?

What Is Relative Volume (RVOL)?

Relative Volume (RVOL) is an indicator used in trading to compare a stock's current trading volume to its historical average volume over a specific period.

This comparison helps traders determine whether a stock's trading activity is higher or lower than usual, offering insights into the market's sentiment and potential price movements.

Using RVOL, traders can assess whether a stock's price action is driven by a significant interest or is moving with lower participation, which can influence trading decisions.

Differences Between Absolute Volume and Relative Volume

Absolute Volume refers to the total number of shares or contracts traded during a specific period, providing a raw count of trading activity.

In contrast, Relative Volume (RVOL) compares the current volume to the historical average, offering context on whether the trading activity is higher or lower than usual.

While Absolute Volume shows overall market interest, RVOL highlights significant deviations from the norm, helping traders identify unusual activity.

How Relative Volume (RVOL) Works

To understand RVOL, we first need to consider how it’s calculated.

The RVOL formula typically involves dividing the current volume by the average volume over a specific period, such as the last 20 or 50 trading days.

The formula used is relative volume = current volume / average volume.

This ratio reveals how today’s trading activity compares to what’s considered "normal" for that stock.

For instance, an RVOL of 1 means that the stock is trading at its average volume. If RVOL is greater than 1, say 2 or 3, it indicates that the stock is experiencing double or triple its average trading volume.

Conversely, an RVOL below 1 suggests lower-than-normal trading activity.

Significance of RVOL in Trading Decisions

When it comes to making informed trading decisions, understanding Relative Volume (RVOL) is crucial.

High RVOL often signals that something significant happens with a stock, such as a reaction to news, earnings reports, or other market events.

For example, a stock might normally trade 1 million shares per day, but suddenly it's trading 5 million shares with an RVOL of 5. This surge in volume could indicate a strong market reaction, potentially pointing to a breakout or a significant trend change.

On the flip side, low RVOL can indicate that the stock’s movement might not be as reliable.

For example, if a stock’s price moves up or down but the RVOL is below 1, it might suggest that the price movement lacks strong support from market participants. Therefore, traders might be more cautious, as these movements could be prone to reversal.

Relative Volume (RVOL) in Different Market Conditions

RVOL’s significance also varies depending on the broader market environment.

In a bullish market, where prices are generally rising, high RVOL can confirm the strength of an uptrend. It indicates that many traders actively participate in the rally, adding weight to the price increase.

Conversely, in a bearish market, a high RVOL might confirm the strength of a downtrend, signaling that traders are eager to sell off their positions.

Moreover, RVOL behaves differently in high-volatility versus low-volatility environments.

In a high-volatility market, the RVOL might spike more frequently as traders react quickly to news or market changes.

In contrast, RVOL might hover closer to 1 during low-volatility periods, indicating that trading is within normal ranges and there’s no significant news driving the market.

Common Strategies for Trading with RVOL

Integrating RVOL into your trading strategy can significantly enhance your ability to make informed decisions. Here are some common relative volume trading strategies:

1. Momentum Trading with RVOL

In momentum trading, traders look to capitalize on strong trends. A high RVOL is often a precursor to momentum trades because it indicates that many traders are behind the current trend.

For example, if a stock with a normally low trading volume suddenly sees its RVOL spike due to a positive earnings report, momentum traders might enter the trade, expecting the trend to continue as more traders join in.

2. Breakout Trading Using RVOL

Breakout trading involves entering a position when a stock breaks through a critical support or resistance level.

RVOL is particularly useful in these scenarios because it can confirm the strength of the breakout.

For example, a breakout with high RVOL suggests that the move is backed by substantial trading activity, making it more likely to hold.

Conversely, a breakout with low RVOL might be a false signal, where the price temporarily moves past a level but lacks the volume to sustain the breakout.

3. RVOL-Based Reversal Strategies

Reversal strategies aim to profit from a stock's change of direction after a significant move. Here, RVOL can be a warning sign.

For example, if a stock has been trending upwards with a high RVOL but suddenly the RVOL drops while the price continues to rise, it could indicate weakening momentum and a potential reversal.

Combining RVOL with Other Indicators

While RVOL is powerful on its own, it becomes even more effective when combined with other indicators.

1. Pairing RVOL with Moving Averages

Moving averages are a staple in technical analysis, and combining them with RVOL can help traders identify strong trends.

For example, if a stock is trading above its 50-day moving average and its RVOL is also high, this could reinforce the signal that the stock is in a strong uptrend.

Conversely, if the stock is below the moving average and RVOL is high, it could confirm a strong downtrend.

2. Using RVOL with RSI and MACD

The Relative Strength Index (RSI) and Moving Average Convergence Divergence (MACD) are momentum indicators that can be paired with RVOL for more precise analysis.

A high RVOL alongside an RSI that is entering overbought territory might suggest that a stock is becoming overextended, potentially signaling a pullback.

Similarly, if the MACD line crosses below the signal line in conjunction with a high RVOL, it could confirm the beginning of a downtrend.

3. How RVOL Complements Technical Patterns

RVOL is also useful for analyzing technical patterns such as head-and-shoulders, triple tops or triple bottoms, and triangles.

For instance, a high RVOL during the breakout from a triangle pattern can confirm that the pattern resolves as expected, giving traders more confidence to enter the trade.

Conversely, if the RVOL is low during the breakout, it might suggest that the pattern is not as reliable, and traders might want to wait for further confirmation.

Advantages and Limitations of Using RVOL

Understanding both the strengths and weaknesses of Relative Volume (RVOL) can help you make more informed trading decisions.

Advantages

• Provides Contextual Insight: RVOL compares current volume to historical averages, offering a more meaningful interpretation of trading activity.

• Enhances Market Timing: Helps identify when a stock is experiencing unusual activity, improving entry and exit decisions.

• Aids in Risk Management: By highlighting periods of high trading activity, RVOL allows traders to adjust position sizes and set tighter stop losses.

• Improves Trend Confirmation: When combined with other indicators like moving averages, RVOL can confirm the strength of trends and breakouts.

Limitations

• Potential for False Signals: RVOL can be misleading if volume spikes due to one-off events like large block trades, which may not reflect broader market sentiment.

• Doesn’t Indicate Price Direction: High or low RVOL doesn’t tell you if the price will increase or decrease, making it essential to use alongside other indicators.

• Requires Contextual Analysis: RVOL should be interpreted within the broader market context to avoid overreacting to fluctuations.

• May Be Less Effective in Low-Volatility Markets: During periods of low volatility, RVOL might not provide as many actionable signals as volume stays within normal ranges.

Conclusion

In conclusion, Relative Volume (RVOL) is an essential tool for any trader looking to gain a deeper understanding of market activity.

By comparing current trading volume to historical averages, RVOL provides valuable insights into whether a stock’s movement is significant or just part of its normal behavior. Join XS today and start trading!